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World Trade Center - Referat
The World trade center(German world trade center), shortened WTC, was 1973 a completed building complex with two tower blocks at the south end New Yorker quarters of the Manhattan. The salient twin towers (WTC 1 and WTC 2), the twin Towers, were with 415 and 417 meters in 110 floors after their completion briefly the highest wolkenkratzer of the earth, 1974 by the Sears Tower in Chicago were however already exceeded. Destroyed on 11 September 2001 both towers and the remaining 5 buildings by a coordinated terrorist attack with two kidnapped to passenger airplane. With the collapse the rubble buried WTC 3 (Marriott hotel) under itself. WTC 7 collapsed in the afternoon likewise, after it was guessed/advised several hours before by parts of the collapsed twin towers in fire. WTC 4, WTC 5 and WTC 6 were so heavily damaged that they had to be torn off later. 2,602 humans, who were in the WTC, died further, who sat in the two airplanes (AA 11 and UA 175), which steered the assassins into the twin towers. Likewise numerous firefighters and policeman died with the following rescue mission.
Base data place: New York town center construction period: 1966-1973 opening: 4. April 1973 status: with terrorist attack architectural style destroys: Modern architect: Minoru Yamasaki use/legal owner: Haven Authority OF New York and new jersey owner: Tishman Realty & Construction company technical data height: 521m m height up to the top speed: North tower (WTC 1): 521m m height up to the roof: North tower (WTC 1): 417m m depth: 63.4 m m floors: 110 elevators: 198 (WTC 1&2) effective area: 800.000 m² building material: Steel and concrete
Overview The WTC was sketched by the American architect Minoru Yamasaki and built between 1966 and 1973. David Rockefeller was Chairman of the Chase Manhattan Bank and supported the financing of the twin Towers. The towers were called David and Nelson (Rockefeller). The Karl cook Erecting CO established the towers, which were with their completion 1973 the highest buildings of the earth (417 m) and which Empire State Building with 381 m replaced, 1974 by the Sears Tower (442 m) also within the USA was however already exceeded. The north tower was with its completion with its antenna (521 m) after the TV tower in Moscow (Ostankino tower, 540 m) the second highest free standing building of the world and remained up to the year 2000, when the antenna of the Sears Tower was increased from 520 m to 527 m, the highest free standing building of the USA. If the WTC actually consisted of seven buildings and an underground Plaza, then the fascination proceeded from the two twin towers. About 50,000 humans worked in these buildings, in addition came daily 80,000 visitors. The towers possessed their own postal zip code (10048 New York) and to a large extent autonomous infrastructure facilities.
Building history
Owner was the New Yorker port authority, which haven Authority OF New York and new jersey, behind which above all the two skirt skin he brothers Nelson and David stood, which already arose to 1960 with an appropriate plan. 1962 bought the port authorities of New York and new jersey the area.
For the project had to be torn off a whole quarter of the Lower west Side of Manhattan, which accommodated the radio Row with many electrical business and approximately hundred adjacents resident. As leading architect on 20 September 1962 Minoru Yamasaki were used, which worked together with the architect's office Emery Roth & Sons. The idea both twin towers is attributed Yamasaki, which on 18 January 1964 besides its draft of the public presented. Altogether the WTC consisted of seven buildings. The building sum planned at that time amounted to $ 280 millions. The towers had a height of 417 and 415 meters and thereby after 42 years the Empire State Building had ueberfluegelt. After on 21 March 1966 the Ajax Wrecking and Lumber corporation had begun with the demolition works, on 5 August 1966 the foundation-stone was put. For the date of the completion there are different data: On 23 December 1970 the last carrier of the north tower was roused, on 19 July 1971 with the south tower. Already into December the first tenants drew 1970 into the north tower, into the south tower only in January 1972. On 4 April 1973 it was inaugurated, although it became completely finished only 1977. 60 workers had died altogether with the construction of the WTC. [ 1 ] There were 104 elevators per tower. The 43,600 windows took only 30% per cent of the total area of the two towers. The columns between them possessed an aluminum alloy and should the World trade center appear warmer let. But 200,000 tons steel and 325,000 became m³ concrete verarbeitet.[2 ] The building ground, on which the World trade center stood, was not natural, but the result of fills of earlier generations. One found firm reason only in approx.. 20 meters of depth. In addition the soil was damp. The whole area had to be protected thus particularly from penetrating Hudson water. That happened with an enormous concrete tub, for whose construction 14 months were needed. The immense, approximately one million cubic meter comprehensive excavation for the sechsgeschossige plinth area - 100,000 truck charges correspond - made possible filling up the outdated western port area, the associated extension for the construction area by 9,2 hectars and the construction four do RMI towards World of the Financial center to feet of the World trade of center.
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